United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

5. 5. 2009
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Přehled informací o Spojeném království Velké Británie a Severního Irska, který může posloužit jako osnova k ústní maturitě z angličtiny.

Area: 250 000 km²; 57 mil. inhabitants
Neighbours – Ireland, France
Parts – England (London), Wales (Cardiff),
Scotland (Edinburgh), N. Ireland (Belfast)
densely inhabited area
official language – English (RP); plenty dialects – Welsh,
Scottish Gaelic – difficult to understand even for native speakers
religion – Christianity – Anglicans, Presbyterians
partners – Germany, USA, Italy, France
National flag – Union Jack
Anthem – God save the Queen
Cities – Cambridge, Canterbury, Liverpool, Manchester, Oxford, Portsmouth, York
Currency – Pound Sterling – consists of 100 pence
Prime Ministers – Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Tony Blair, Gordon Brown

Insular state, NW of Europe
English channel (La Manche) – Dover – Calais
W coast – The Celtic sea, The Atlantic ocean;
E coast – The North sea
Archipelagos – The Shetlands, The Orkneys, The Hebrides; the Isle of Man
Cornwall peninsula, mountain ranges – Cambrian Mountains, Pennines
Landscape – rolling highlands; highest peak – Ben Nevis (1343 m)
Rivers – aren’t long, have important ports – Thames, Severn, Clyde
climate – temperate, moderate, mild – due to the Gulfs stream;
temperatures 4°C – 16 °C
agriculture – widespread – corn, sugar, beef, fruit, vegetables
40% area arable, only 2% of population employed in agriculture

connected with land – narrow strait; 8000BC glacier melted -> strait flooded
first inhabitants – Palaeolithic man – flint chips, hunting
3000BC – Celts – druids, ceremonies, human sacrifices, Stonehenge
55 BC – Roman invasion – G. I. Caesar; for 400years – interior problems
roads, spas, influenced culture; Hadrian’s Wall – against Picts
5^th – 6^th century – Anglo-Saxons – names Wessex, Sussex; Venerable Bede
10^th October 1066 – Hastings – William of Normandy -> Conqueror
Middle age – 14^th – ½ 15^th century – Hundred years war
15^th century – War of Roses
1215 – Magna Charta – rights for dependants; King’s power limited
Constitutional monarchy – Queen Elizabeth II. – UK + Commonwealth

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